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Optimization-based reference calculation for Modular Multilevel Converters in balanced and unbalanced network conditions Westerman Spier, Daniel Prieto-Araujo, E. López Mestre, Joaquim Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Enginyeria Elèctrica Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria elèctrica Power electronics Electric current converters Mathematical optimization Multilevel converters Reactive power Codes Power quality Europe Mathematical models Power electronics Electrònica de potència Convertidors de corrent elèctric Optimització matemàtica © 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting /republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works The paper addresses an optimization-based algorithm to calculate the references of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) during normal and constrained scenarios (when the prioritization of quantities is required). The optimization problem prioritizes to satisfy the positive- and negative-sequence active and reactive current set-points demanded by the Transmission System Operator (TSO) through the corresponding grid code. If the TSO’s requirements are achieved, the algorithm minimizes the arm impedances losses. Otherwise, it attempts to reduce the error between the current components and the TSO’s current set-points. The optimization-based current reference calculation is derived based on the steady-state equations of the MMC, considering the maximum currents that can flow through the MMC’s arms, the maximum and minimum arm applied voltages and the maximum sub-module capacitor’s voltage. Simulation in the time-domain have been conducted and the results indicate that this method can be potentially employed to calculate the converter’s references during both normal and faulted conditions. Peer Reviewed Postprint (author's final draft) 2021 Conference lecture Spier, W.D. [et al.]. Optimization-based reference calculation for Modular Multilevel Converters in balanced and unbalanced network conditions. A: European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications. "2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)". Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2021, p. 1-6. ISBN 781665433846. 781665433846 https://hdl.handle.net/2117/362407 eng https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9570655 © 2021 IEEE Open Access 6 p. application/pdf Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)