<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-19T11:32:25Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:www.recercat.cat:2117/180443" metadataPrefix="marc">https://recercat.cat/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:recercat.cat:2117/180443</identifier><datestamp>2026-02-07T09:27:32Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_2072_1033</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_452950</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
   <leader>00925njm 22002777a 4500</leader>
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      <subfield code="a">dc</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Valverde Castillo, Sergio</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Ferrer Cancho, Ramon</subfield>
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   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Solé Vicente, Ricard</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="c">2002-11</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">A large number of complex networks, both natural and artificial, share the presence of highly heterogeneous, scale-free degree distributions. A few mechanisms for the emergence of such patterns have been suggested, optimization not being one of them. In this letter we present the first evidence for the emergence of scaling (and the presence of small-world behavior) in software architecture graphs from a well-defined local optimization process. Although the rules that define the strategies involved in software engineering should lead to a tree-like structure, the final net is scale-free, perhaps reflecting the presence of conflicting constraints unavoidable in a multidimensional optimization process. The consequences for other complex networks are outlined.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Peer Reviewed</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Postprint (published version)</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Enginyeria del software</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Software architecture</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Software engineering -- Research</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Scale-free networks</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Optimal design</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Complex networks</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Heterogeneous scale-free degree distributions</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Software architecture graphs</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Local optimization</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Conflicting constraints</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Tree-like structure</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Multidimensional optimization</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Programari -- Disseny</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Enginyeria del programari -- Investigació</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Scale-free networks from optimal design</subfield>
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