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The global navigation satellite systems reflectometry (GNSS-R) microwave interferometric reflectometer: hardware, calibration, and validation experiments Onrubia Ibáñez, Raúl Pascual Biosca, Daniel Querol Borràs, Jorge Hyuk, Park Camps Carmona, Adriano José Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CTE-CRAE - Grup de Recerca en Ciències i Tecnologies de l'Espai Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RSLAB - Grup de Recerca en Teledetecció Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació Global Positioning System Remote sensing GNSS Reflectometry remote sensing antenna array beamforming beam steering calibration Sistema de posicionament global Teledetecció This manuscript describes the Microwave Interferometric Reflectometer (MIR) instrument, a multi-beam dual-band GNSS-Reflectometer with beam-steering capabilities built to assess the performance of a PAssive Reflectrometry and Interferometry System—In Orbit Demonstrator (PARIS-IoD) like instrument and to compare the performance of different GNSS-R techniques and signals. The instrument is capable of tracking up to 4 different GNSS satellites, two at L1/E1 band, and two at L5/E5 band. The calibration procedure of the up- and down-looking arrays is presented, the calibration performance is evaluated, and the results of the validation experiments carried out before the field experiments are shown in this paper. Peer Reviewed Postprint (author's final draft) 2019-02-27 Article Onrubia, R. [et al.]. The global navigation satellite systems reflectometry (GNSS-R) microwave interferometric reflectometer: hardware, calibration, and validation experiments. "Sensors", 27 Febrer 2019, vol. 19, núm. 5, p. 1-30. 1424-8220 https://hdl.handle.net/2117/132171 10.3390/s19051019 eng https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1019 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ Open Access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain 30 p. application/pdf Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)