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A Longitudinal Analysis Reveals Early Activation and Late Alterations in B Cells During Primary HIV Infection in Mozambican Adults Jiménez, Montse Pastor Palomo, Lucía Urrea, Víctor Rodríguez de la Concepción, María Luisa Parker, Erica Fuente-Soro, Laura Jairoce, Chenjerai Mandomando, Inacio Carrillo, Jorge Naniche, Denise Blanco, Julià Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona B-cell activation Plasmablasts Marginal zone (MZ) B cell Transitional B cell PD-1 Altres ajuts: Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1068252) Primary HIV infection (PHI) and subsequent chronic infection alter B-cell compartment. However, longitudinal analysis defining the dynamics of B-cell alterations are still limited. We longitudinally studied B-cell subsets in individuals followed for 1 year after PHI (n = 40). Treated and untreated chronic HIV infected (n = 56) and HIV-uninfected individuals (n = 58) were recruited as reference groups at the Manhiça District in Mozambique. B cells were analyzed by multicolor flow-cytometry. Anti-HIV humoral response and plasma cytokines were assessed by ELISA or Luminex-based technology. A generalized activation of B cells induced by HIV occurs early after infection and is characterized by increases in Activated and Tissue-like memory cells, decreases in IgM-IgD- (switched) and IgM-only B cells. These alterations remain mostly stable until chronic infection and are reverted in part by ART. In contrast, other parameters followed particular dynamics: PD-1 expression in memory cells decreases progressively during the first year of infection, Transitional B cells expand at month 3-4 after infection, and Marginal zone-like B cells show a late depletion. Plasmablasts expand 2 months after infection linked to plasma viral load and anti-p24 IgG3 responses. Most of well-defined changes induced by HIV in B-cell activation and memory subsets are readily observed after PHI, lasting until ART initiation. However, subsequent changes occur after sustained viral infection. These data indicate that HIV infection impacts B cells in several waves over time, and highlight that early treatment would result in beneficial effects on the B-cell compartment. 2021 Article https://ddd.uab.cat/record/252341 urn:10.3389/fimmu.2020.614319 urn:oai:ddd.uab.cat:252341 urn:articleid:16643224v11 urn:pmcid:PMC7844141 urn:pmc-uid:7844141 urn:pmid:33519823 urn:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7844141 eng Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación 2011-27901 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad DTS15/00185 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad FI12/00096 Frontiers in immunology ; Vol. 11 (january 2021) open access Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf