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Differential microfluidic sensors based on dumbbell-shaped defect ground structures in microstrip technology : analysis, optimization, and applications Vélez, Paris Muñoz Enano, Jonathan Gil, Marta Mata Contreras, Francisco Javier Martín, Ferran Microwave sensors Differential sensors Fluidic sensors Dielectric characterization Microstrip Technology Defect ground structure A microstrip defect ground structure (DGS) based on a pair of dumbbell-shaped slots is used for sensing. The device is a differential sensor consisting of a pair of mirrored lines loaded with a dumbbell-shaped DGS, and the output variable is the cross-mode transmission coefficient. Such a variable is very sensitive to asymmetries in the line pair, e.g., caused by an asymmetric dielectric load in the dumbbell-shaped DGSs. Therefore, the sensor is of special interest for the dielectric characterization of solids and liquids, or for the measurement of variables related to complex permittivity changes. It is shown in this work that by adding fluidic channels on top of the dumbbell-shaped DGSs, the device is useful for liquid characterization, particularly for the measurement of solute concentration in very diluted solutions. A sensitivity analysis useful for sensor design is carried out in this paper. 2019 Article https://ddd.uab.cat/record/216560 urn:10.3390/s19143189 urn:oai:ddd.uab.cat:216560 urn:pmid:31331078 urn:scopus_id:85070481634 urn:articleid:14248220v19n14a3189 urn:wos_id:000479160300156 urn:oai:egreta.uab.cat:publications/dd413e0f-17eb-4da1-9553-622b85088896 urn:altmetric_id:79935845 urn:pmc-uid:6679327 urn:pmcid:PMC6679327 urn:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6679327 eng Agencia Estatal de Investigación TEC2016-75650-R Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2017/SGR-1159 Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) ; Vol. 19, issue 14 (July 2019), art. 3189 open access Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf