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Mainstreaming impact evaluation in nature conservation Baylis, Kathy Honey-Rosés, Jordi Börner, Jan Corbera, Esteve Ezzine-de-Blas, Driss Ferraro, Paul J. Lapeyre, Renaud Persson, U. Martin Pfaff, Alex Wunder, Sven Biodiversity Conservation Policy Impact Evaluation Payments for environmental services Protected areas Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552 An important part of conservation practice is the empirical evaluation of program and policy impacts. Understanding why conservation programs succeed or fail is essential for designing cost-effective initiatives and for improving the livelihoods of natural resource users. The evidence we seek can be generated with modern impact evaluation designs. Such designs measure causal effects of specific interventions by comparing outcomes with the interventions to outcomes in credible counterfactual scenarios. Good designs also identify the conditions under which the causal effect arises. Despite a critical need for empirical evidence, conservation science has been slow to adopt these impact evaluation designs. We identify reasons for the slow rate of adoption and provide suggestions for mainstreaming impact evaluation in nature conservation. 2016 Article Conservation letters ; Vol. 9 issue 1 (Jan. 2016), p. 58-64 open access Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/