2026-04-17T14:09:12Zhttps://recercat.cat/oai/request

oai:recercat.cat:20.500.14342/44412025-05-28T11:59:50Zcom_2072_482405com_2072_183628col_2072_482414

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Neidhardt, Michael author Mas-Peiro, Jordi author Schneck, Antonia author Pou, Josep Oriol author González Olmos, Rafael author Kwade, Arno author Schmuelling, Benedikt author 2022 Electric mobility is considered a solution to reduce carbon emissions. We expanded a lifecycle assessment with data on technical limitations and driving habits (based on real-world data) in order to identify the environmentally optimal drivetrain for each individual driving behavior with current and projected technologies, focusing on CO2 emissions. By combining all data, an environmentally optimal European drivetrain mix is calculated, which is dominated by fuel-cell electric vehicles (50% in 2020, 47% in 2030), followed by plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (37%, 40%), battery-electric vehicles (BEV) (5%, 12%), and Diesel vehicles (2%, 1%). Driving behavior defines the most environmental drivetrain and the coexistence of different drivetrains is currently still necessary. Such information is crucial to identify limitations and unmet technological needs for full electrification. If range is not considered a limitation, the environmentally optimal drivetrain mix is dominated by BEVs (71%, 75%), followed by fuel cell electric vehicles (25%, 19%) and plug-in electric vehicles (4%, 6%). This confirms the potential environmental benefits of BEVs for current and future transportation. Developments in battery energy density, charging, and sustainable production, as well as a change in driving behavior, will be crucial to make BEVs the environmentally optimal drivetrain choice. 2071-1050 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14342/4441 https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315972 Electric vehicles Life cycle assessment Environmental impact analysis Sustainable urban development Sustainable transport Electrification forecast Automotive fleet analysis Vehicles elèctrics Medi ambient--Anàlisi d'impacte Desenvolupament urbà sostenible Electrificació Automotive Electrification Challenges Shown by Real-World Driving Data and Lifecycle Assessment