2026-04-14T08:44:58Zhttps://recercat.cat/oai/request
oai:recercat.cat:20.500.14342/31012026-01-22T02:32:16Zcom_2072_482405com_2072_183628col_2072_482415
RECERCAT author Porte, Joaquim author Maso Llinas, Josep M. author Pijoan, Joan Lluis author Badia, David 2020-02 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14342/3101 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RS006920 Every year, the number of Internet of Things devices is growing exponentially. The current Internet of Things technology to support the connectivity of such a huge number of devices is limited by the coverage of the base stations deployed. In case of remote areas without coverage of any operator, the use of a satellite connection is such a high‐cost option. The only alternative option for very remote sensor is high frequency (HF) communications with ionospheric reflection. The HF band (3–30 MHz) with Near Vertical Incidence Skywave allows a large coverage area (up to 250 km) without the need of line of sight. The HF radio links usually need higher power transmissions with larger antennas supported by a mast. In this paper, we explore a new transmission scheme for low‐power transmissions, which is equivalent to use small and low gain HF antennas. We study the performance of several digital modulations using different bandwidths and transmission power. The field tests have been done around the Spanish Antarctic Base at Livingston Island to ensure the availability of the system even in polar areas where the behavior of the ionosphere is quite different from lower latitudes. However, the proposed physical layer fits well with any other remote location that requires low power data communication. eng Attribution 4.0 International © L'autor/a Electromagnetisme Tractament del senyal Comunicacions digitals Sensing System for Remote Areas in Antarctica info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion