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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Díez-Tercero, Leire author Delgado, Luis M. author Bosch-Rué, Elia author Pérez Antoñanzas, Roman author 2021 Biomaterials and scaffolds for Tissue Engineering are widely used for an effective healing and regeneration. However, the implantation of these scaffolds causes an innate immune response in which the macrophage polarization from M1 (pro-inflammatory) to M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype is crucial to avoid chronic inflammation. Recent studies have showed that the use of bioactive ions such as cobalt (Co2+), copper (Cu2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) could improve tissue regeneration, although there is limited evidence on their effect on the macrophage response. Therefore, we investigated the immunomodulatory potential of Co2+, Cu2+ and Mg2+ in macrophage polarization. Our results indicate that Mg2+ and concentrations of Cu2+ lower than 10 μM promoted the expression of M2 related genes. However, higher concentrations of Cu2+ and Co2+ (100 μM) stimulated pro-inflammatory marker expression, indicating a concentration dependent effect of these ions. Furthermore, Mg2+ were able to decrease M1 marker expression in presence of a mild pro-inflammatory stimulus, showing that Mg2+ can be used to modulate the inflammatory response, even though their application can be limited in a strong pro-inflammatory environment. Díez-Tercero, Leire; Delgado, Luis M.; Bosch-Rué, Elia [et al.]. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of cobalt, copper and magnesium ions in a pro inflammatory environment. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11, 11707. Disponible en: <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-91070-0>. Fecha de acceso: 21 jun. 2021. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91070-0 2045-2322 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12328/2643 https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91070-0 Enginyeria biomèdica Biomedicina Inflamació Biomaterials Enginyeria de teixits Resposta immune Inflamació crònica Ingeniería biomédica Biomedicina Inflamación Biomateriales Ingeniería de tejidos Respuesta inmune Inflamación crónica Biomedical engineering Biomedicine Inflammation Biomaterials Tissue engineering Immune response Chronic inflammation Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of cobalt, copper and magnesium ions in a pro inflammatory environment