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oai:recercat.cat:20.500.12327/27742025-10-22T11:31:05Zcom_2072_4428com_2072_4427col_2072_487898

Genetic diversification patterns in swine influenza A virus (H1N2) in vaccinated and nonvaccinated animals López Valiñas, Álvaro Valle, Marta Pérez, Marta Darji, Ayub Chiapponi, Chiara Ganges, Llilianne Segalés, Joaquim Núñez, José I. Producció Animal Sanitat Animal Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are characterized by having a segmented genome, low proofreading polymerases, and a wide host range. Consequently, IAVs are constantly evolving in nature causing a threat to animal and human health. In 2009 a new human pandemic IAV strain arose in Mexico because of a reassortment between two strains previously circulating in pigs; Eurasian “avian-like” (EA) swine H1N1 and “human-like” H1N2, highlighting the importance of swine as adaptation host of avian to human IAVs. Nowadays, although of limited use, a trivalent vaccine, which include in its formulation H1N1, H3N2, and, H1N2 swine IAV (SIAV) subtypes, is one of the most applied strategies to reduce SIAV circulation in farms. Protection provided by vaccines is not complete, allowing virus circulation, potentially favoring viral evolution. The evolutionary dynamics of SIAV quasispecies were studied in samples collected at different times from 8 vaccinated and 8 nonvaccinated pigs, challenged with H1N2 SIAV. In total, 32 SIAV genomes were sequenced by next-generation sequencing, and subsequent variant-calling genomic analysis was carried out. Herein, a total of 364 de novo single nucleotide variants (SNV) were found along all genetic segments in both experimental groups. The nonsynonymous substitutions proportion found was greater in vaccinated animals suggesting that H1N2 SIAV was under positive selection in this scenario. The impact of each substitution with an allele frequency greater than 5% was hypothesized according to previous literature, particularly in the surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The H1N2 SIAV quasispecies evolution capacity was evidenced, observing different evolutionary trends in vaccinated and nonvaccinated animals. 2025-10-22T11:31:05Z 2025-10-22T11:31:05Z 2025-10-22T11:31:05Z 2023-09-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article López-Valiñas, Álvaro, Marta Valle, Marta Sonia González Pérez, Ayub Darji, Chiara Chiapponi, Llilianne Ganges, Joaquím Segalés, and José I. Núñez. 2023. “Genetic Diversification Patterns in Swine Influenza A Virus (H1N2) in Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Animals.” Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 13: 1258321. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1258321. 2235-2988 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12327/2774 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1258321 eng Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology MINECO/Programa Estatal de I+D+I orientada a los retos de la Sociedad/AGL2016-75280-R/ES/EVOLUCION DEL VIRUS INFLUENZA PORCINA ASOCIADA A LA VACUNACION/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Attribution 4.0 International Frontiers Media