<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-13T05:49:10Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:www.recercat.cat:11351/9234" metadataPrefix="marc">https://recercat.cat/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:recercat.cat:11351/9234</identifier><datestamp>2024-12-13T10:42:15Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_2072_378071</setSpec><setSpec>com_2072_378040</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_378097</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
   <leader>00925njm 22002777a 4500</leader>
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      <subfield code="a">Simon, Maria S.</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Ioannou, Magdalini</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
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      <subfield code="a">Arteaga Henriquez, Gara</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Wijkhuijs, Annemarie</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Berghmans, Raf</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Musil, Richard</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="c">2023-03-23T13:13:12Z</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="c">2023-03-23T13:13:12Z</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2023-05</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">Childhood trauma; Major depressive disorder; T cytotoxic cell</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">Trauma infantil; Trastorn depressiu major; cèl·lula T citotòxica</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">Trauma infantil; Trastorno depresivo mayor; célula T citotóxica</subfield>
   </datafield>
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      <subfield code="a">Introduction&#xd;
Previous research indicates that premature T cell senescence is a characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, known senescence inducing factors like cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or, probably, childhood adversity (CA) have not been taken into consideration so far.&#xd;
Objective&#xd;
Differentiation and senescent characteristics of T cells of MDD patients were investigated in relation to healthy controls (HC), taking the CMV seropositivity and CA into account.&#xd;
Methods&#xd;
127 MDD and 113 HC of the EU-MOODSTRATIFICATION cohort were analyzed. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was performed to determine B, NK, and T cell frequencies. In a second FACS analysis, naïve, effector memory (Tem), central memory (Tcm), effector memory cells re-expressing RA (TEMRA), as well as CD28+ and CD27+ memory populations, were determined of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations in a subsample (N = 35 MDD and N = 36 HC). CMV-antibody state was measured by IgG ELISA and CA by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.&#xd;
Results&#xd;
We detected a CMV-antibody positivity in 40% of MDD patients (35% HC, n. s.) with seropositive MDD cases showing a higher total childhood trauma score. Second, a higher inflation of memory CD4+ T helper cells in CMV seronegative patients as compared to seronegative HC and reduced numbers of naïve CD4+ T helper cells in CMV seropositive patients (not in CMV seropositive HC) were found. Third, a higher inflation of memory CD8+ T cytotoxic cells in CMV seropositive cases as compared to CMV seropositive HC, particularly of the TEMRA cells, became apparent. Higher percentages of CD4+ TEMRA and late stage CD27−CD28− TEMRA cells were similar in both HC and MDD with CMV seropositivity. Overall, apportioning of T cell subpopulations did not differ between CA positive vs negative cases.&#xd;
Conclusions&#xd;
MDD patients show several signs of a CMV independent “MDD specific” premature T cell aging, such as a CMV independent increase in CD4+ T memory cells and a latent naïve CD4 T-cell reduction and a latent CD8+ T-cell increase. However, these two latent T cell senescence abnormalities only become evident with CMV infection (double hit).</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">This work was supported by the European Commission: EU 7th Framework program (grant number EU-FP7-CP-IP-2008-222963) and Horizon 2020 (grant number H2020-SC1-2016-2017/H2020-SC1-2017-Two-Stage-RTD) grants were received by HAD, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam. The funding source had no role in the study design, the data collection, the analysis and interpretation of data, the manuscript writing, and in the decision to submit the article for publication.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">http://hdl.handle.net/11351/9234</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Depressió psíquica</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Cèl·lules - Envelliment</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Infeccions per citomegalovirus</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOLOGY::Mental Disorders::Mood Disorders::Depressive Disorder::Depressive Disorder, Major</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cellular Senescence</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">DISEASES::Virus Diseases::DNA Virus Infections::Herpesviridae Infections::Cytomegalovirus Infections</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">PSIQUIATRÍA Y PSICOLOGÍA::trastornos mentales::trastornos del humor::trastorno depresivo::trastorno depresivo mayor</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">FENÓMENOS Y PROCESOS::fenómenos fisiológicos celulares::senescencia celular</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">ENFERMEDADES::virosis::infecciones por virus ADN::infecciones por Herpesviridae::infecciones por Citomegalovirus</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2="0" ind1="0" tag="245">
      <subfield code="a">Premature T cell aging in major depression: A double hit by the state of disease and cytomegalovirus infection</subfield>
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