<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-18T00:23:35Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:www.recercat.cat:11351/7179" metadataPrefix="marc">https://recercat.cat/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:recercat.cat:11351/7179</identifier><datestamp>2025-10-24T07:50:25Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_2072_451669</setSpec><setSpec>com_2072_378040</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_451670</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
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      <subfield code="a">Virues Ortega, Francisco Javier</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">de Pedro Cuesta, Jesús</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">del Barrio, Jose Luis</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Almazán-Isla, Javier</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Bergareche, Alberto</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Bermejo-Pareja, Félix</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Garre-Olmo, Josep</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2022-03-15T07:35:08Z</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2022-03-15T07:35:08Z</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2011-12</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">Malalties cròniques; Demència; Avaluació de la discapacitat</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">Enfermedades crónicas; Demencia; Evaluación de la discapacidad</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Chronic diseases; Dementia; Disability evaluation</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Objectives: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) advocates a multifactorial and multifaceted conceptualization of disability. The objective of this study was to ascertain major medical, environmental and personal determinants of severe/extreme disability among the elderly population in Spain. The assessment scheme was consistent with the ICF model of disability.Methods: Nine populations contributed probabilistic or geographically-defined samples following a two-phase screening design. The Mini-Mental State Examination and the 12-item version of the World Health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule, 2(nd) ed. (WHO-DAS II), were used as cognitive and disability screening tools, respectively. Positively screened individuals underwent clinical work-up for dementia and were administered the 36-item version of the WHO-DAS II to estimate ICF disability levels. We used logistic regression for the purposes of data combination, adjusted for age and sex in all analyses.&#xd;
&#xd;
Results: The sample was composed of 503 participants aged ≥ 75 years. Alzheimeŕs disease and depression were highly predictive of severe/extreme disability (OR: 17.40, 3.71). Good access to social services was strongly associated with a low level or absence of disability (OR: 0.05 to 0.18). Very difficult access to services and having dementia or another psychiatric disorder were associated with an increase in disability (OR: 66.06). There was also a significant interaction effect between access to services and neurological disorders (OR: 12.74).Conclusions: Disability is highly prevalent among the Spanish elderly and is influenced by medical, social and personal factors. Disability could potentially be reduced by ensuring access to social services, preventing dementia and stroke, and treating depression.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">This project, led by J. de Pedro-Cuesta, was supported by thePfizer Foundation and by the RECSP C03-09, CIEN C03-06 and CIBERNED and CIBERSAM research networks</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Malalties cròniques (Espanya)</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">DISEASES::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Disease Attributes::Chronic Disease</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOLOGY::Mental Disorders::Neurocognitive Disorders::Dementia</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Disability Evaluation</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">GEOGRAPHICALS::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">ENFERMEDADES::afecciones patológicas, signos y síntomas::procesos patológicos::atributos de la enfermedad::enfermedad crónica</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">PSIQUIATRÍA Y PSICOLOGÍA::trastornos mentales::trastornos neurocognitivos::demencia</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS::diagnóstico::técnicas y procedimientos diagnósticos::valoración de discapacidades</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">DENOMINACIONES GEOGRÁFICAS::localizaciones geográficas::Europa (continente)::España</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Medical, environmental and personal factors of disability in the elderly in Spain: a screening survey based on the International Classification of Functioning</subfield>
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