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Diabetes, Albuminuria and the Kidney-Brain Axis Ariton, Diana Maria Jimenez Balado, Joan Maisterra Santos, Olga Pujadas Navinés, Francesc Soler Romeo, Maria Jose Delgado Martínez, Maria Pilar Institut Català de la Salut [Ariton DM, Maisterra O, Pujadas F, Delgado P] Servei de Neurologia, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona,Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. [Jiménez-Balado J] Servei de Neurologia, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona,Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. [Soler MJ] Servei de Nefrologia, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Albuminúria Trastorns de la cognició Diabetis - Complicacions DISEASES::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms::Urological Manifestations::Proteinuria::Albuminuria PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOLOGY::Mental Disorders::Neurocognitive Disorders::Cognition Disorders::Cognitive Dysfunction DISEASES::Endocrine System Diseases::Diabetes Mellitus::Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ENFERMEDADES::afecciones patológicas, signos y síntomas::signos y síntomas::manifestaciones urológicas::proteinuria::albuminuria PSIQUIATRÍA Y PSICOLOGÍA::trastornos mentales::trastornos neurocognitivos::trastornos cognitivos::disfunción cognitiva ENFERMEDADES::enfermedades del sistema endocrino::diabetes mellitus::diabetes mellitus tipo II Malaltia renal crònica; Demència; Diabetis Enfermedad renal cronica; Demencia; Diabetes Chronic kidney disease; Dementia; Diabetes Cognitive decline and kidney disease are significant public health problems that share similar characteristics and risk factors. The pathophysiology of the kidney–brain axis is not completely understood, and studies analysing the relationship between the biomarkers of kidney damage and cognitive impairment show different results. This article focuses on the epidemiological and clinical aspects concerning the association of albuminuria, a marker for endothelial dysfunction and microvascular disease, and cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. Most studies show a positive relationship between albuminuria and cognitive impairment in all groups, but evidence in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients is limited. We briefly discuss the mechanisms underlying these associations, such as damage to the microvascular circulation, leading to hypoperfusion and blood pressure fluctuations, as well as increased inflammation and oxidative stress, both in the brain and in the kidneys. Further clinical and epidemiological studies developed to understand the interplay between the kidneys and brain diseases will hopefully lead to a reduction in cognitive impairment in these patients. This research was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant Nos. PI17/02222 and PI19/00217) and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund FEDER. 2022-01-20T09:21:47Z 2022-01-20T09:21:47Z 2021-05-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Ariton DM, Jiménez-Balado J, Maisterra O, Pujadas F, Soler MJ, Delgado P. Diabetes, Albuminuria and the Kidney-Brain Axis. J Clin Med. 2021 May 27;10(11):2364. 2077-0383 https://hdl.handle.net/11351/6840 10.3390/jcm10112364 34072230 000660169700001 http://hdl.handle.net/11351/6840 eng Journal of Clinical Medicine;10(11) https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112364 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/PE2013-2016/PI17%2F02222 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/PE2017-2020/PI19%2F00217 Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess application/pdf MDPI Scientia