<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-17T21:20:02Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:www.recercat.cat:11351/11747" metadataPrefix="marc">https://recercat.cat/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:recercat.cat:11351/11747</identifier><datestamp>2025-10-24T10:17:48Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_2072_378070</setSpec><setSpec>com_2072_378040</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_378092</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
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      <subfield code="a">Oertel, Frederike Cosima</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
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      <subfield code="a">Zimmermann, Hanna</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Motamedi, Seyedamirhosein</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
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      <subfield code="a">Bereuter, charlotte</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Manthey, Luca</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
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      <subfield code="a">Ashtari, Fereshteh</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
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      <subfield code="a">Cobo-Calvo, Alvaro</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="c">2024-07-19T11:58:02Z</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="c">2024-07-19T11:58:02Z</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="c">2024-09</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">Retina; Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders; Antibody</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">Retina; Trastornos del espectro de la neuromielitis óptica; Anticuerpo</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">Retina; Trastorns de l'espectre de la neuromielitis òptica; Anticòs</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Background and Objectives&#xd;
To systematically describe the clinical picture of double-antibody seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (DN-NMOSD) with specific emphasis on retinal involvement.&#xd;
Methods&#xd;
Cross-sectional data of 25 people with DN-NMOSD (48 eyes) with and without a history of optic neuritis (ON) were included in this study along with data from 25 people with aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD, 46 eyes) and from 25 healthy controls (HCs, 49 eyes) for comparison. All groups were matched for age and sex and included from the collaborative retrospective study of retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) in neuromyelitis optica (CROCTINO). Participants underwent OCT with central postprocessing and local neurologic examination and antibody testing. Retinal neurodegeneration was quantified as peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFL) and combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPL).&#xd;
Results&#xd;
This DN-NMOSD cohort had a history of [median (inter–quartile range)] 6 (5; 9) attacks within their 5 ± 4 years since onset. Myelitis and ON were the most common attack types. In DN-NMOSD eyes after ON, pRNFL (p &lt; 0.001) and GCIPL (p = 0.023) were thinner compared with eyes of HCs. Even after only one ON episode, DN-NMOSD eyes already had considerable neuroaxonal loss compared with HCs. In DN-NMOSD eyes without a history of ON, pRNFL (p = 0.027) and GCIPL (p = 0.022) were also reduced compared with eyes of HCs. However, there was no difference in pRNFL and GCIPL between DN-NMOSD and AQP4-NMOSD for the whole group and for subsets with a history of ON and without a history of ON—as well as between variances of retinal layer thicknesses.&#xd;
Discussion&#xd;
DN-NMOSD is characterized by severe retinal damage after ON and attack-independent retinal neurodegeneration. Most of the damage occurs during the first ON episode, which highlights the need for better diagnostic markers in DN-NMOSD to facilitate an earlier diagnosis as well as for effective and early treatments. In this study, people with DN-NMOSD presented with homogeneous clinical and imaging findings potentially suggesting a common retinal pathology in these patients.</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">The authors acknowledge support from the Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation (GJCF) (to Friedemann Paul).</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind1="8" ind2=" " tag="024">
      <subfield code="a">http://hdl.handle.net/11351/11747</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Autoanticossos</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Nervi òptic - Malalties - Imatgeria</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Ulls - Tomografia</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Coherència (Òptica)</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">DISEASES::Nervous System Diseases::Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System::Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS::Myelitis, Transverse::Neuromyelitis Optica</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Other subheadings::Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/diagnostic imaging</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Imaging::Optical Imaging::Tomography, Optical::Tomography, Optical Coherence</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">CHEMICALS AND DRUGS::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Blood Proteins::Immunoproteins::Immunoglobulins::Antibodies::Autoantibodies</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">ENFERMEDADES::enfermedades del sistema nervioso::enfermedades autoinmunitarias del sistema nervioso::enfermedades autoinmunes desmielinizantes del SNC::mielitis transversa::neuromielitis óptica</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/diagnóstico por imagen</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS::diagnóstico::técnicas y procedimientos diagnósticos::diagnóstico por imagen::imágenes ópticas::tomografía óptica::tomografía de coherencia óptica</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS Y DROGAS::aminoácidos, péptidos y proteínas::proteínas::proteínas sanguíneas::inmunoproteínas::inmunoglobulinas::anticuerpos::autoanticuerpos</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2="0" ind1="0" tag="245">
      <subfield code="a">Retinal Changes in Double-Antibody Seronegative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders</subfield>
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