<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-17T03:15:11Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:www.recercat.cat:11351/11063" metadataPrefix="marc">https://recercat.cat/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:recercat.cat:11351/11063</identifier><datestamp>2025-10-24T10:33:07Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_2072_378070</setSpec><setSpec>com_2072_378040</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_378092</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
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      <subfield code="a">Channa, Roomasa</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Wolf, Risa M.</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Brigell, Mitchell</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Fort, Patrice</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Curcio, Christine</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Simó Canonge, Rafael</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="c">2024-02-16T14:02:31Z</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2024-02-16T14:02:31Z</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2023-10-31</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Biomarkers; Diabetic retinal disease; Neuro-retinal layers</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Biomarcadores; Enfermedad de la retina diabética; Capas neurorretinianas</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">Biomarcadors; Malaltia de la retina diabètica; Capes neurorretinàries</subfield>
   </datafield>
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      <subfield code="a">Topic&#xd;
The goal of this review was to summarize the current level of evidence on biomarkers to quantify diabetic retinal neurodegeneration (DRN) and diabetic macular edema (DME).&#xd;
Clinical relevance&#xd;
With advances in retinal diagnostics, we have more data on patients with diabetes than ever before. However, the staging system for diabetic retinal disease is still based only on color fundus photographs and we do not have clear guidelines on how to incorporate data from the relatively newer modalities into clinical practice.&#xd;
Methods&#xd;
In this review, we use a Delphi process with experts to identify the most promising modalities to identify DRN and DME. These included microperimetry, full-field flash electroretinogram, spectral-domain OCT, adaptive optics, and OCT angiography. We then used a previously published method of determining the evidence level to complete detailed evidence grids for each modality.&#xd;
Results&#xd;
Our results showed that among the modalities evaluated, the level of evidence to quantify DRN and DME was highest for OCT (level 1) and lowest for adaptive optics (level 4).&#xd;
Conclusion&#xd;
For most of the modalities evaluated, prospective studies are needed to elucidate their role in the management and outcomes of diabetic retinal diseases.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">http://hdl.handle.net/11351/11063</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Marcadors bioquímics</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Retinopatia diabètica</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Edema</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">CHEMICALS AND DRUGS::Biological Factors::Biomarkers</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">DISEASES::Endocrine System Diseases::Diabetes Mellitus::Diabetes Complications::Diabetic Angiopathies::Diabetic Retinopathy</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">DISEASES::Eye Diseases::Retinal Diseases::Retinal Degeneration::Macular Degeneration::Macular Edema</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS Y DROGAS::factores biológicos::biomarcadores</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">ENFERMEDADES::enfermedades del sistema endocrino::diabetes mellitus::complicaciones de la diabetes::angiopatías diabéticas::retinopatía diabética</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">ENFERMEDADES::oftalmopatías::enfermedades de la retina::degeneración retiniana::degeneración macular::edema macular</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2="0" ind1="0" tag="245">
      <subfield code="a">A New Approach to Staging Diabetic Eye Disease: Staging of Diabetic Retinal Neurodegeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema</subfield>
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