<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-17T02:26:01Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:www.recercat.cat:11351/10617" metadataPrefix="marc">https://recercat.cat/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:recercat.cat:11351/10617</identifier><datestamp>2025-10-24T10:18:47Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_2072_378070</setSpec><setSpec>com_2072_378040</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_378092</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
   <leader>00925njm 22002777a 4500</leader>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Tato, Ana María</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Carrera, Noa</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">García-Murias, María</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Shabaka, Amir</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Ávila, Ana</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">MORA MORA, MARIA TERESA</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">García-Carro, Clara</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="c">2023-11-16T13:37:25Z</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="c">2023-11-16T13:37:25Z</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="c">2023-11</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">Hereditary diseases; Nephrotic syndrome; Steroid-resistant</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">Enfermedades hereditarias; Síndrome nefrótico; Resistente a los esteroides</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">Malalties hereditàries; Síndrome nefròtica; Resistent als esteroides</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Background&#xd;
Genetic causes are increasingly recognized in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), but it remains unclear which patients should undergo genetic study. Our objective was to determine the frequency and distribution of genetic variants in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome FSGS (SRNS-FSGS) and in FSGS of undetermined cause (FSGS-UC).&#xd;
Methods&#xd;
We performed targeted exome sequencing of 84 genes associated with glomerulopathy in patients with adult-onset SRNS-FSGS or FSGS-UC after ruling out secondary causes.&#xd;
Results&#xd;
Seventy-six patients met the study criteria; 24 presented with SRNS-FSGS and 52 with FSGS-UC. We detected FSGS-related disease-causing variants in 27/76 patients (35.5%). There were no differences between genetic and non-genetic causes in age, proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate, serum albumin, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes or family history. Hematuria was more prevalent among patients with genetic causes. We found 19 pathogenic variants in COL4A3–5 genes in 16 (29.3%) patients. NPHS2 mutations were identified in 6 (16.2%) patients. The remaining cases had variants affecting INF2, OCRL, ACTN4 genes or APOL1 high-risk alleles. FSGS-related genetic variants were more common in SRNS-FSGS than in FSGS-UC (41.7% vs 32.7%). Four SRNS-FSGS patients presented with NPHS2 disease-causing variants. COL4A variants were the most prevalent finding in FSGS-UC patients, with 12 patients carrying disease-causing variants in these genes.&#xd;
Conclusions&#xd;
FSGS-related variants were detected in a substantial number of patients with SRNS-FSGS or FSGS-UC, regardless of age of onset of disease or the patient's family history. In our experience, genetic testing should be performed in routine clinical practice for the diagnosis of this group of patients.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">This work was supported by grants from the Fundación Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/00 378 under FIS/FEDER and RD21/0005/0020-RICORS funds to M.A.G.-G.; RD21/10 005/0001-RICORS to G.F.-J.) and the Xunta de Galicia (IN607B-2016/020 to M.A.G.-G., funded by the European Union “NextGenerationEU” Facility for recovery and resilience). None of the funders had any role in study design, data collection, analysis, reporting or the decision to submit for publication.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">http://hdl.handle.net/11351/10617</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Cromosomes humans - Anomalies - Diagnòstic</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Glomerulosclerosi - Aspectes genètics</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Glomerulosclerosi - Diagnòstic</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">DISEASES::Male Urogenital Diseases::Urologic Diseases::Kidney Diseases::Nephritis::Glomerulonephritis::Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">DISEASES::Male Urogenital Diseases::Urologic Diseases::Kidney Diseases::Nephrosis::Nephrotic Syndrome</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Other subheadings::Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/genetics</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Clinical Laboratory Techniques::Genetic Testing</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">ENFERMEDADES::enfermedades urogenitales masculinas::enfermedades urológicas::enfermedades renales::nefritis::glomerulonefritis::glomeruloesclerosis focal</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">ENFERMEDADES::enfermedades urogenitales masculinas::enfermedades urológicas::enfermedades renales::nefrosis::síndrome nefrótico</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/genética</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS::diagnóstico::técnicas y procedimientos diagnósticos::técnicas de laboratorio clínico::pruebas genéticas</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2="0" ind1="0" tag="245">
      <subfield code="a">Genetic testing in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: in whom and when?</subfield>
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