2026-04-14T06:59:49Zhttps://recercat.cat/oai/request

oai:recercat.cat:10459.1/4691582025-12-04T19:57:49Zcom_2072_3622col_2072_479130

Development and Validation of a Questionnaire for Assessing Sustainability in Sporting Events in Natural Areas: A Mixed Approach with Qualitative Validation and Preliminary Quantitative Analysis Ulloa-Hernández, Maira Seguí Urbaneja, Jordi Farías Torbidoni, Estela Inés Sustainability Sports events Natural areas Event organizers Validation questionnaire This study presents the development and validation of a questionnaire to measure sustainability in the organization of sports events in natural areas. The research was structured into three studies: (i) item generation and validation (ii) pre-testing, and (iii) preliminary reliability assessment. In Study 1, items were generated based on a literature review. A panel of experts evaluated the items to ensure their content validity. In Study 2, cognitive interviews were conducted with sports event organizers to assess the clarity and understanding of the items. In Study 3, a preliminary reliability analysis was carried out to evaluate the internal consistency of the questionnaire. The final result was the validation of 44 items across 7 dimensions. These items were classified into non-mandatory items validated in the qualitative process and non-mandatory items validated in the quantitative process. The questionnaire provides a useful tool for event organizers to assess and improve their sustainability practices. 2025-12-04T19:57:49Z 2025-12-04T19:57:49Z 2025-12-04T19:57:49Z 2025 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469158 Reproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.20900/jsr20250055 Journal of Sustainability Research, 2025, vol. 7, núm. 3, e250055 cc-by (c) Maira Ulloa-Hernández, Jordi Seguí-Urbaneja, Estela I. Farías-Torbidoni, 2025 Attribution 4.0 International info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Hapres