2026-04-13T00:00:48Zhttps://recercat.cat/oai/request

oai:recercat.cat:10459.1/4642722025-09-15T18:37:26Zcom_2072_3622col_2072_479130

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Torres Cabestany, Pascual author Sancho Saldaña, Agustín author Gil-Sánchez, Anna author Peralta, Silvia author Solana Moga, M. José author Bakkioui, Sofian author González Mingot, Cristina author Quibus, Laura author Ruiz Fernández, Emilio author San Pedro‑Murillo, Eduardo author Brieva Ruiz, Luis author 2023 Background Most people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) are subjected to immunomodulatory disease-modifying treatments (DMTs). As a result, immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations could be compromised. There are few data on cellular immune responses to the use of COVID-19 vaccine boosters in pwMS under a broad spectrum of DMTs. Methods In this prospective study, we analysed cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster vaccinations in 159 pwMS with DMT, including: ocrelizumab, rituximab, fingolimod, alemtuzumab, dimethyl fumarate, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, natalizumab and cladribine. Results DMTs, and particularly fingolimod, interact with cellular responses to COVID-19 vaccination. One booster dose does not increase cellular immunity any more than two doses, except in the cases of natalizumab and cladribine. SARS-CoV-2 infection combined with two doses of vaccine resulted in a greater cellular immune response, but this was not observed after supplementary booster jabs. Ocrelizumab-treated pwMS who had previously received fingolimod did not develop cellular immunity, even after receiving a booster. The time after MS diagnosis and disability status negatively correlated with cellular immunity in ocrelizumab-treated pwMS in a booster dose cohort. Conclusions After two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, a high response yield was achieved, except in patients who had received fingolimod. The effects of fingolimod on cellular immunity persisted for more than 2 years after a change to ocrelizumab (which, in contrast, conserved cellular immunity). Our results confirmed the need to find alternative protective measures for fingolimod-treated people and to consider the possible failure to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 when switching from fingolimod to ocrelizumab. Multiple sclerosis Cellular immune response COVID-19 vaccines Immunomodulating drugs Booster revaccination A prospective study of cellular immune response to booster COVID‑19 vaccination in multiple sclerosis patients treated with a broad spectrum of disease‑modifying therapies