2026-04-14T05:17:00Zhttps://recercat.cat/oai/request

oai:recercat.cat:10459.1/4642662025-09-15T18:17:09Zcom_2072_3622col_2072_479130

Current ambient ozone levels mitigate the effect of Puccinia striiformis on wheat: Is Mediterranean wheat ready for pre-industrial background ozone levels? Chang-Espino, Melissa Prieto-Benitez, S. González Fernández, Ignacio Araus Ortega, José Luis Gómez-Camacho, J. M. Bermejo Bermejo, Victoria Pollution Crop-pathogens Fertilization O3-elicitor Wheat Yellow-rust Increasing surface ozone is a main concern for crop production in the Global Change framework, especially in the Mediterranean basin where climate conditions favor its photochemical formation. Meanwhile, increasing common crop diseases, such as yellow rust, one of the most important pathogens affecting global wheat production has been detected in the area in recent decades. However, the impact of O3 on the occurrence and impact of fungal diseases is scarcely understood. A close-to-field-conditions assay (Open Top Chamber facility) situated in a Mediterranean cereal rainfed farming area was carried out to study the impact of increasing O3 levels and N-fertilization on spontaneous fungal outbreaks in wheat. Four O3-fumigation levels reproducing pre-industrial to future pollutant atmospheres with additional 20 and 40 nL L−1 over the ambient levels were considered (7 h-mean ranging from 28 to 86 nL L−1). Two top N-fertilization supplementations (100 and 200 kg ha−1) were nested within the O3 treatments; foliar damage, pigment content and gas exchange parameters were measured. Pre-industrial natural background O3 levels strongly favored the yellow rust infection, where the O3-polluted levels currently observed at the farm highly benefited the crop, mitigating the presence of rust by 22 %. However, future expected high O3-levels neutralized the beneficial infection-controlling effect by inducing early wheat senescence, decreasing the chlorophyll index of the older leaves by up to 43 % under the higher O3 exposure. Nitrogen promoted the rust infection by up to 49.5 % without interacting with the O3-factor. Achieving future air quality standards might require considering new varietal improvement programs, to be able to adapt crops to an increased pathogen tolerance without requiring the assistance provided by O3-pollution. This study has been funded by the ERANET/SUSCROP SUSCAP (PCI2019–103521/AEI) and the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) AGRISOST-CM (S2018/BAA-4330) projects. M.C-E. and J.L.A. acknowledge the support from PID2019-106650RB-C21, from MICIN, Spain. J.L.A. thanks the support from the ICREA Academia program, Generalitat de Catalunya, (Spain). H. Calvete-Sogo and R. Alonso are acknowledged for their appreciated help in the fieldwork. Thanks are given to La Higueruela-MNCN/CSIC Research Farm staff for their valuable help during the development of the experimental assays. 2023 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-106650RB-C21/ES/FENOTIPEADO DE TRIGO A DIFERENTES ESCALAS: DEL IDEOTIPO A LA ADAPTACION REGIONAL: RENDIMIENTO Y ESTABILIDAD/ info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PCI2019-103521/ES/RESILIENCIA Y TOLERANCIA DE LOS CULTIVOS FRENTE AL CAMBIO CLIMATICO Y LA CONTAMINACION ATMOSFERICA: EFICIENCIA EN EL USO DE LOS RECURSOS/ Reproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163370 Science of the Total Environment, 2023, vol. 880, 163370 cc-by (c) M.C. Chang-Espino et al., 2023 Attribution 4.0 International info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Elsevier