2026-04-19T16:12:42Zhttps://recercat.cat/oai/requestoai:recercat.cat:10230/718012025-11-08T13:47:24Zcom_2072_6col_2072_452952
RECERCAT
author
Karagiannis, Yannis
2025-11-08T13:47:24Z
2025-11-08T13:47:24Z
2025-11-07T07:04:41Z2025-11-07T07:04:41Z20252025-11-07T07:04:41Z
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/71801
Data de publicació electrònica: 20-10-2025As the United States retreats from global rule-making, the European Union (EU) must decide whether to shape global legal regimes actively or rely on its market power. Optimists claim that EU norms spread passively as a result of the Brussels Effect (BE), while sceptics point to transnational processes such as conditionality, policy learning and hybridization-core to Transnational Legal Orders (TLO) theory. This article tests these competing explanations in a doubly most likely case: competition policy, where BE is seen as pervasive, and Singapore, cited as a model BE case. The findings support TLO theory over BE. Although Singapore's competition law includes EU-like provisions, these are not the result of BE-style diffusion but emerge from broader transnational interactions. This suggests that the EU cannot rely on passive regulatory spillovers to extend its legal influence. Active engagement remains necessary to sustain global convergence with EU norms.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (grant No. PID2021-129101NB-I00).
© 2025 The Author(s). European Law Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Restriccions al comerç -- Singapur
Competència econòmica -- Dret i legislació -- Singapur
The limits of passive power: competition law in Singapore and the EU's global legal influence
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion