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               <dc:title>Nominalization and natural language ontology</dc:title>
               <dc:creator>Grimm, Scott</dc:creator>
               <dc:creator>McNally, Louise, 1965-</dc:creator>
               <dc:subject>Nominalization</dc:subject>
               <dc:subject>Natural language ontology</dc:subject>
               <dc:subject>Events</dc:subject>
               <dc:subject>Facts</dc:subject>
               <dc:subject>Propositions</dc:subject>
               <dc:subject>Abstract objects</dc:subject>
               <dc:description>Nominalization (e.g., sleeping, that we slept, sleepiness) allows speakers to refer and ascribe properties to whatever sorts of entities clauses, verbs, or&#xd;
adjectives typically denote. Characterizing these relatively abstract entities&#xd;
has challenged semanticists and philosophers of language for over 50 years,&#xd;
thanks especially to Zeno Vendler’s early work. Vendler took different kinds&#xd;
of English nominalization constructions to support positing facts, propositions, and events as distinct ontological objects. However, his conclusions&#xd;
remain controversial. The research on nominalization and natural language&#xd;
ontology has never been brought together or put into perspective; in this&#xd;
article, we clarify the complex variety of subsequent ontological positions&#xd;
that build on Vendler’s work, identifying points of consensus and disagreement. We also reflect on the consequences and challenges of focusing on&#xd;
the English data and offer a glimpse of how the landscape might change&#xd;
with greater attention to nominalization in other languages.</dc:description>
               <dc:description>We also thank Lauren Fonteyn, Zi&#xd;
Huang, Paul Portner, Alessandro Zucchi, and Barbara Partee for input directly related to this article, and acknowledge support from grant FFI2016-76045-P (AEI/MINEICO/FEDER, UE)&#xd;
and an ICREA Academia Award to L.M.</dc:description>
               <dc:date>2022-10-18T05:44:12Z</dc:date>
               <dc:date>2022-10-18T05:44:12Z</dc:date>
               <dc:date>2022</dc:date>
               <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
               <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
               <dc:relation>Annual Review of Linguistics. 2022;8:257-77.</dc:relation>
               <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/1PE/FFI2016-76045-P</dc:relation>
               <dc:rights>Copyright © 2022 Scott Grimm and Louise&#xd;
McNally. This work is licensed under a Creative&#xd;
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,&#xd;
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and&#xd;
reproduction in any medium, provided the original&#xd;
author and source are credited. See credit lines of&#xd;
images or other third-party material in this article&#xd;
for license information</dc:rights>
               <dc:rights>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</dc:rights>
               <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
               <dc:publisher>Annual Reviews Inc</dc:publisher>
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