Abstract:
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Smart grids are seen as the solution to deal with future challenges in the eld of electrical
generation, transport and supply. Environmental, economic and social issues have
encouraged distributed generation and new control methods should be applied to ensure
grid frequency deviation to be low enough in order to prevent potential damage to devices
connected to the electrical grid. At the same time, supply cost and power should
be controlled to avoid excess. The fact that the classical generation structure based on
large power plants as the main supply sources for urban areas is changing to a set of
smaller generation distributed points. To adapt to this change in terms of generation
model, a distributed control is proposed in this study, where all areas have an in
uence
on neighbour areas.
To do so, a hierarchical cooperative model predictive control is presented in this thesis.
The idea of the study is creating a hierarchical system based by means of overlapping
the original subsystem areas to create several control layers. Lower layers are controlled
through load frequency control (LFC) for each layer and transmit the results to following
layers beneath each one. In addition, the upper level symbolises a centralised
optimization unit computing the reference values based on cost optimization.
The fact that the control is distributed also deals with eventual communication blackout,
due to the fact that other areas apply the control to the momentarily disconnected
area. All these studies have been checked implementing a simulation program using
Matlab/Simulink. |