Autor/a:
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Birks, Laura; Casas, Maribel; Garcia, Ana M.; Alexander, Jan; Barros, Henrique; Bergstrom, Anna; Bonde, Jens Peter; Burdorf, Alex; Costet, Nathalie; Danileviciute, Asta; Eggesbo, Merete; Fernández, Mariana F.; González Galarzo, M. Carmen; Grazuleviciene, Regina; Hanke, Wojciech; Jaddoe, Vincent W.; Kogevinas, Manolis; Kull, Inger; Lertxundi, Aitana; Melaki, Vasiliki; Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie; Olea, Nicolás; Polanska, Kinga; Rusconi, Franca; Santa Marina, Loreto; Santos, Ana Cristina; Vrijkotte, Tanja; Zugna, Daniela; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.; Cordier, Sylvaine; Vrijheid, Martine
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Abstract:
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BACKGROUND: Women of reproductive age can be exposed to
endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) at work and exposure to
EDCs in pregnancy may affect fetal growth. OBJECTIVES: We
assessed whether maternal occupational exposure to EDCs during
pregnancy as classified by application of a job exposure matrix
was associated with birth weight, term low birth weight (LBW),
length of gestation, and preterm delivery. METHODS: Using
individual participant data from 133,957 mother-child pairs in
13 European cohorts spanning births from 1994 to 2011, we linked
maternal job titles with exposure to 10 EDC groups as assessed
through a job exposure matrix. For each group, we combined the
two levels of exposure categories (possible and probable) and
compared birth outcomes with the unexposed group (exposure
unlikely). We performed meta-analyses of cohort-specific
estimates. RESULTS: Eleven percent of pregnant women were
classified as exposed to EDCs at work during pregnancy based on
job title. Classification of exposure to one or more EDC group
was associated with an increased risk of term LBW (OR 1.25,
95%CI 1.04, 1.49), as were most specific EDC groups; this
association was consistent across cohorts. Further, the risk
increased with increasing number of EDC groups (OR 2.11 95%CI
1.10, 4.06 for exposure to 4 or more EDC groups). There were few
associations (p < 0.05) with the other outcomes; women
holding job titles classified as exposed to bisphenol A or
brominated flame retardants were at higher risk for longer
length of gestation. CONCLUSION: Results from our large
population-based birth cohort design indicate that employment
during pregnancy in occupations classified as possibly or
probably exposed to EDCs was associated with an increased risk
of term LBW. |