Plant cell and organ cultures constitute a promisingplatform for the production of numerous valuable secondarycompounds. Currently, in vitro culture techniques involve bothempirical and rational approaches as suitable strategies to conditionhigh metabolite production and establish competitive plant cell-basedbioprocesses. In this context, we have developed hairy root cultures ofPanax ginseng, and engineered hairy root cultures of Duboisia,Datura metel and Hyoscyamus spp and plant cell cultures of Centellaasiatica and Taxus spp. This chapter describes our work on thedevelopment of two different biotechnological systems to improvetaxol production in cell suspension cultures of Taxus spp andginsenoside production in hairy root cultures of Panax ginseng.

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