English: Characterization using signal processing techniques of the phenomena involved in the Raman effect. We have obtained differential equations for elastic and inelastic component of the vector polarization that characterizes the dispersive materials, in our case pigments. It has also obtained the general differential equation of total polarization vector, including elastic and inelastic component. Finally, from experimental signal obtained in the laboratory of a complete Raman spectrum was found a mathematical function that describes the temporal behavior of the radiation emitted by the material. This characterization is applied to the Raman spectra of a set of pigments.