Objective. This study determines the relationship between several characteristics of jaw movement and masticatory performance determined by multiple regression analysis and adjusted for occlusal contact area and bite force. Materials and methods. Forty-two young adults with natural dentition participated in this cross-sectional study. Occlusal contact area was determined at the maximum intercuspal position by scanning interocclusal records. Maximum unilateral force was measured by means of a gnathodynamometer. The height and amplitude of mastication, occlusal glide length, lateral guidance angle, anterior-posterior distance and cycle duration were recorded using the ARCUSdigma II system. Masticatory performance was determined by sieving the Optosil particles resulting from 20 chewing cycles. Results. Median particle size was negatively associated with height of mastication, maximum bite force, occlusal contact area and amplitude of mastication. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the height of mastication and dental guidance angle are the characteristics of jaw movement most closely related to masticatory performance. Conclusions. In adults with natural dentition, a large vertical height of mastication and a small dental guidance angle are the characteristics of jaw movement most closely associated with good masticatory performance, determined by multiple regression analysis and adjusted for occlusal contact area and bite force